In a detailed and insightful conversation, Air Marshal Zahid shared his perspective on the evolving strategic direction of the Pakistan Air Force (PAF) as it navigates through a period marked by rapid technological innovation. He emphasized how the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) and manned-unmanned teaming is reshaping the PAF’s operational doctrine, highlighting the critical role of indigenisation as a safeguard against external supply disruptions. This approach, he explained, is deeply rooted in the PAF’s longstanding values of excellence and self-reliance, which continue to define the force’s identity and unwavering commitment to national defense.
Delving into recent military exercises, Air Marshal Zahid pointed out that the PAF has successfully demonstrated AI-enabled operations alongside manned-unmanned collaboration, with systems such as the Yalghaar-200 loitering munition playing a pivotal role. These advancements, he noted, are not just technological upgrades but fundamental shifts that enhance the force’s combat effectiveness in modern warfare. He observed that contemporary conflicts, from Eastern Europe to the Middle East, rarely involve traditional aerial dogfights; instead, success hinges on the adoption of cutting-edge technologies, innovative tactics, and integrated operational concepts.
He further stressed that while technology is crucial, it cannot stand alone without a solid doctrinal foundation. For the PAF, the challenge lies in seamlessly integrating loitering munitions, unmanned aerial vehicles, and crewed aircraft into a cohesive operational framework. Given the constraints of limited resources and vast responsibilities, the force prioritizes investments that yield tangible combat advantages rather than symbolic capabilities, ensuring every asset contributes effectively to mission success.
Turning to the topic of self-reliance, Air Marshal Zahid highlighted Pakistan’s significant progress in indigenous defense production, citing examples like the JF-17 Thunder Block III fighter jet and the recently tested Taimoor air-launched cruise missile. He explained that in today’s geopolitical climate, where advanced nations often restrict the transfer of sensitive technologies—even to allied countries—relying on foreign suppliers poses a strategic risk. Developing homegrown capabilities, therefore, becomes essential not only for operational continuity during crises but also for maintaining scalability and adaptability in the face of evolving threats.
He elaborated that indigenisation offers three key benefits: uninterrupted operational readiness without dependence on external actors, the ability to rapidly scale and modify systems domestically, and enhanced capacity to absorb and integrate emerging technologies. Beyond military advantages, this approach also stimulates growth in the civilian industrial sector, fostering an innovation ecosystem that extends well beyond defense. For Pakistan, Air Marshal Zahid concluded, indigenisation is more than a policy choice—it represents a form of strategic insurance critical to national security.
Reflecting on the PAF’s origins, Air Marshal Zahid recalled the force’s establishment in 1948 under challenging circumstances. He recounted the historic visit of Muhammad Ali Jinnah to Risalpur, where the founder of Pakistan urged the nascent air force to pursue excellence and self-reliance despite limited resources. This foundational ethos has remained a guiding principle throughout the PAF’s history, shaping its resilience and adaptability through conflicts such as the wars of 1965 and 1971, and continuing into recent high-intensity engagements including the notable aerial victories claimed in 2019 and 2025.
While the PAF’s primary responsibility remains air defense, Air Marshal Zahid emphasized the force’s vital role in humanitarian and developmental missions. He cited the large-scale relief operations conducted during the devastating floods of 2010 and 2012, as well as supply missions to isolated northern communities in 2019. The PAF’s contributions extend to education, healthcare, and infrastructure development, reflecting a broader commitment to nation-building. Despite these additional roles, he assured that the core mission of protecting Pakistan’s airspace remains paramount and continuous, with the force maintaining round-the-clock vigilance.
Summarizing the PAF’s strategic outlook, Air Marshal Zahid described a balanced approach that harmonizes technological modernization with doctrinal clarity, fiscal responsibility, and institutional heritage. The force’s strategy focuses on integration rather than mere imitation, blending indigenous innovation with evolving operational concepts to maintain a state of perpetual readiness. He reaffirmed the PAF’s steadfast dedication to defending Pakistan’s skies, expressing confidence that the force is fully prepared to meet current and future challenges with unwavering resolve.
